array:24 [
  "pii" => "S2254887418301292"
  "issn" => "22548874"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.rceng.2018.06.003"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-03-01"
  "aid" => "1539"
  "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI)"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2018"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "ssu"
  "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2019;219:90-5"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 3
    "formatos" => array:2 [
      "HTML" => 1
      "PDF" => 2
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:19 [
      "pii" => "S0014256518301826"
      "issn" => "00142565"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2018.06.002"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-03-01"
      "aid" => "1539"
      "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI)"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "subdocumento" => "ssu"
      "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2019;219:90-5"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => false
        "ES2" => false
        "LATM" => false
      ]
      "gratuito" => false
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 78
        "formatos" => array:2 [
          "HTML" => 49
          "PDF" => 29
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:12 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">REVISI&#211;N</span>"
        "titulo" => "&#191;Son &#233;ticos los objetivos de gesti&#243;n para los m&#233;dicos de nuestros hospitales&#63;"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "es"
          1 => "en"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "90"
            "paginaFinal" => "95"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Are the management objectives for hospital physicians ethical&#63;"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "es" => true
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "M&#46;B&#46; Alonso, E&#46; Pacios, B&#46; Herreros"
            "autores" => array:3 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "M&#46;B&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Alonso"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "E&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Pacios"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "B&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Herreros"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S2254887418301292"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.rceng.2018.06.003"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => false
            "ES2" => false
            "LATM" => false
          ]
          "gratuito" => false
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2254887418301292?idApp=WRCEE"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256518301826?idApp=WRCEE"
      "url" => "/00142565/0000021900000002/v1_201902270613/S0014256518301826/v1_201902270613/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2254887418301218"
    "issn" => "22548874"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rceng.2018.05.004"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-03-01"
    "aid" => "1528"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;U&#46; and Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Medicina Interna &#40;SEMI&#41;"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "sco"
    "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2019;219:96-7"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1
      "PDF" => 1
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Medicine in Image</span>"
      "titulo" => "Collateral circulation after thrombosis of the superior vena cava and digestive hemorrhage"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "96"
          "paginaFinal" => "97"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Circulaci&#243;n colateral tras trombosis de la vena cava superior y hemorragia digestiva secundaria"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:6 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 875
              "Ancho" => 1300
              "Tamanyo" => 128929
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "S&#46;M&#46; Santos-Seoane, E&#46;M&#46; Fonseca-Aizpuru, R&#46; Cabo-Madag&#225;n"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "S&#46;M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Santos-Seoane"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "E&#46;M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Fonseca-Aizpuru"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "R&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Cabo-Madag&#225;n"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0014256518301607"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2018.05.003"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256518301607?idApp=WRCEE"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2254887418301218?idApp=WRCEE"
    "url" => "/22548874/0000021900000002/v1_201902270625/S2254887418301218/v1_201902270625/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2254887418301024"
    "issn" => "22548874"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rceng.2018.04.011"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2019-03-01"
    "aid" => "1524"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;U&#46; and Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Medicina Interna &#40;SEMI&#41;"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Rev Clin Esp. 2019;219:84-9"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1
      "PDF" => 1
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Special article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Predicted change in the number of permanent medical teachers from 2017 to 2026&#46; The training of future physicians in critical condition"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "84"
          "paginaFinal" => "89"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Evoluci&#243;n previsible en el n&#250;mero de profesores permanentes de Medicina del 2017 al 2026&#46; La formaci&#243;n de los futuros m&#233;dicos en situaci&#243;n cr&#237;tica"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0020"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 4"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1388
              "Ancho" => 2566
              "Tamanyo" => 232906
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Number of permanent professors by clinical knowledge area&#59; the current total number &#40;adjunct professors appear in blue&#44; and staff professors appear in orange&#41; and the number of retirements within the next 10 years are shown &#40;both for staff and adjunct professors&#41;&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "J&#46;P&#46; Lara, A&#46; Compa&#241;, J&#46;A&#46; Vargas-N&#250;&#241;ez, F&#46; Cardellach, S&#46; Fern&#225;ndez-Gonz&#225;lez, A&#46; L&#243;pez-Mu&#241;iz, J&#46;L&#46; &#193;lvarez-Sala"
          "autores" => array:8 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;P&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Lara"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Compa&#241;"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Vargas-N&#250;&#241;ez"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Cardellach"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "S&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Fern&#225;ndez-Gonz&#225;lez"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "L&#243;pez-Mu&#241;iz"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;L&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "&#193;lvarez-Sala"
            ]
            7 => array:1 [
              "colaborador" => "On behalf of the Conferencia Nacional de Decanos de Facultades de Medicina de Espa&#241;a"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0014256518301541"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2018.04.015"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0014256518301541?idApp=WRCEE"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2254887418301024?idApp=WRCEE"
    "url" => "/22548874/0000021900000002/v1_201902270625/S2254887418301024/v1_201902270625/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:18 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Review</span>"
    "titulo" => "Are the management objectives for hospital physicians ethical&#63;"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "90"
        "paginaFinal" => "95"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "M&#46;B&#46; Alonso, E&#46; Pacios, B&#46; Herreros"
        "autores" => array:3 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "M&#46;B&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Alonso"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "belalor&#64;yahoo&#46;es"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:3 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "E&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Pacios"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "B&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Herreros"
            "referencia" => array:3 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0020"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Medicina Interna&#44; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negr&#237;n&#44; Las Palmas de Gran Canaria&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Grupo de Trabajo de Bio&#233;tica y Profesionalismo&#44; Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Medicina Interna&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Instituto de &#201;tica Cl&#237;nica Francisco Vall&#233;s-Universidad Europea&#44; Madrid&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "c"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Medicina Interna&#44; Hospital Universitario Fundaci&#243;n Alcorc&#243;n&#44; Alcorc&#243;n &#40;Madrid&#41;&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "d"
            "identificador" => "aff0020"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "&#191;Son &#233;ticos los objetivos de gesti&#243;n para los m&#233;dicos de nuestros hospitales&#63;"
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Background</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the significant challenges for healthcare systems is to respond to the population&#39;s demands in a way that achieves maximum levels of equality and efficiency in healthcare with limited resources&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a> Healthcare management is responsible for enabling the institutions to achieve these objectives of equality and efficiency in a timely manner&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Parameters are employed to measure an organization&#39;s management and include management indicators&#44; which quantitatively express the healthcare center&#39;s behavior&#46; Some of the universally accepted hospital management indicators include hospital occupancy&#44; bed rotation index&#44; mean stay&#44; number of hospital discharges&#44; readmission rate and the productivity of external units&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;9</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; physicians ultimately provide healthcare and&#44; thereby&#44; manage the resources&#46; To optimize management&#44; the institutions set operational objectives&#44; apart from the organization&#39;s general strategic objectives&#46; The operational objectives provide practitioners with a number of specific management goals<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> to improve the efficiency and equality of management without compromising the quality of healthcare&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> In exchange for achieving these goals&#44; physicians are given an incentive&#44; usually financial&#46; Most of the operational objectives include classical indicators of hospital management &#40;mean stay&#44; waiting time in consultations&#41; and direct indicators of expenditures &#40;pharmaceutical and others&#41;&#46; Other objectives assess the practitioners&#8217; research and teaching functions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the standard management model for Spanish hospitals&#44; the management-directorate provides an annual proposal for the operational objectives to each department and unit&#46; After reaching a consensus with the ward physicians&#44; the department head or responsible clinician transmits the appropriate claims to the management&#44; which may accept them&#46; In all cases&#44; the claims must be signed &#40;and thereby accepted&#41; beforehand by all members of the department so that the clinicians can receive compensation for achieving the objectives&#46; This is therefore a vertical objectives planning model&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Marking objectives for clinicians is a positive step&#44; because working with incentives improves practitioners and&#44; hence&#44; the healthcare system&#46; However&#44; the operational objectives of management&#44; as there are typically designed&#44; place significant conflicts of value on the table&#46; For example&#44; management tends to offer objectives with merely economic criteria&#44; prioritizing management over quality care and pressuring clinicians through their collective agreement&#46; These ethical conflicts have seldom been studied&#46; This article analyzes the ethical issues created by the operational management objectives for physicians who work in Spanish hospitals&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Bioethics and ethics of healthcare organizations</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Physicians have always had the need to ethically justify their professional actions&#44; at the personal level&#44; to patients and to other practitioners&#46; Traditional medical ethics has considered that the moral obligation of physicians consists of searching for the maximum benefit for the patient&#44; classifying any other objective as immoral&#46; This perspective has clashed for decades against any issue related to the financial management of health&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> because physicians understand that the objectives of management can interfere with the primary purpose of their profession&#58; providing the best care for their patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16</span></a> Healthcare practitioners&#44; especially physicians&#44; have increasingly recognized the importance of combining financial management with patient care&#44; in such a way that they accept the need to establish objectives and measure results&#44; to better manage resources without neglecting healthcare&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bioethics arose in the 1970s as an update to traditional medical ethics&#46; Bioethics can be defined as the branch of ethics that deals with promoting rational and optimal clinical decisions&#44; accounting for clinical facts and the preferences and values of all those involved in the decisions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;19</span></a> For the decisions to be rational and optimal&#44; it is important to incorporate all values and principles involved&#44; not just conduct a classical search for the patient&#39;s benefit&#46; We need to include&#44; for example&#44; respect for the freedom of the involved parties and the fair distribution of resources&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> We can thereby achieve a more global and realistic perspective of the problems&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Organizations also have a set of ethics&#44; values that guide their priorities and that are expressed through their strategic objectives&#46; Although healthcare institutions should conduct efficient management&#44; they cannot forget the values upon which their ultimate goal is cemented&#58; optimal patient care&#44; which should modulate all management decisions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Managing under the perspective of values enables us to track ethical management objectives such as ensuring equitable access and responsibly containing expenditures&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Ethics of management objectives</span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">What should be incentivized and what is incentivized&#63;</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Physicians are incentivized to achieve quantitative results&#44; based on figures and percentages on healthcare management indicators&#58; prescribing a certain percentage of antiretroviral agents&#44; obtaining a shorter mean stay&#44; etc&#46; The current system of incentives has the danger of prioritizing quantity over quality&#46; As an example of the efforts to reduce expenditures&#44; physicians are rewarded by the system for assisting more patients in a shorter time&#44; measured through indicators such as the bed rotation index&#44; the number of first and successive consultations and the duration of an outpatient consultation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> This management therefore has a predominantly financial perspective&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">If there is one thing we can say for certain&#44; it is that an activity cannot be incentivized that goes against good medical practice&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;24</span></a> We should therefore be careful when designing objectives and signing off on them&#46; If by meeting the objectives we end up with poor clinical practice&#44; we are going against the aims of our profession for which we&#44; and not the center&#39;s managers&#44; are responsible&#46; We cannot issue unjustified early discharges from hospital wards&#44; cease prescribing indicated and recommended drugs for a specific indication or quickly assess patients in consultations by the mere fact of having met the agreed-upon objectives&#46; Ethical objectives incentivize good practice&#44; without forgetting that resource management should be efficient&#46; For example&#44; if 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>antibiotics have a similar effect&#44; ethics would dictate that we should prescribe the less inexpensive one&#46; However&#44; if the more expensive one is better for treating the infection&#44; we should give priority to efficacy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We should therefore ensure that good clinical practices and actions are incentivized&#46; This approach is both ethical and efficient&#44; because if patients are treated properly&#44; they will require fewer consultations&#44; there will be fewer readmissions&#44; and the mean stay will be shorter&#46; The process cannot however be inverted&#58; incentivizing exclusively with quantitative indicators &#40;such as mean stay&#41; and trusting in the practitioner&#39;s goodwill to properly treat patients&#46; If good clinical practices are incentivized&#44; the physician and patient will benefit simultaneously&#46; To this end&#44; we need to search for indicators of good clinical practice&#44; which can be quantitative or not&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">How should objectives be designed and how are they designed&#63;</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Typically&#44; the management creates a proposal for each department with the annual objectives&#46; These objectives are communicated to clinicians through the department head&#46; The system is therefore hierarchical&#44; with barely any participation and where clinicians lack decision-making capacity&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The centers&#8217; management should work in conjunction and directly with healthcare physicians in preparing the management objectives&#46; Modern healthcare management seeks to replace the pyramidal structure with a more horizontal one&#44; with the participation of all healthcare practitioners who work in the organization&#44; thereby promoting the institution&#39;s human capital&#46; The objectives should therefore be discussed and agreed upon between the hospital&#39;s management&#44; the intermediate directors &#40;unit&#44; department and section heads&#41; and the ward physicians&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another important issue regarding the method of designing objectives is to whom they are directed&#46; If the objectives are designed for a department or unit as a whole&#44; then they indirectly pressure each physician&#44; because if one of the physicians does not meet the objectives&#44; the entire department or unit is affected&#46; Moreover&#44; objectives that are solely individual are also not appropriate&#44; because a large part of the clinical activity is collective&#44; not to mention the fact that the pressure on the physician would be even greater if the objectives were exclusively individual&#46; The objectives should therefore be mixed&#46; There needs to be a collective part &#40;for those activities that depend on the group&#41; and an individual part &#40;based on the specific tasks of each physician&#41;&#46; Otherwise&#44; the objectives will lose moral value and be inefficient&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">If clinicians are granted a leading role in designing the objectives&#44; a threefold result is achieved&#58; the clinicians are more involved in the management&#44; the health care is improved &#40;clinicians know best the needs for care&#41;&#44; and efficiency is optimized&#46; All of this has a positive effect on the organization&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">What objectives are truly important for improving clinical practice&#63;</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Objectives are often focused on activities that are out-of-phase with the current reality of the healthcare system&#46; It is therefore important that the objectives are in keeping with the core aspects of our healthcare system&#46; A number of examples are given below on how to update the management objectives in the current healthcare system&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Currently&#44; the objectives that are agreed upon in Spanish hospitals are focused almost exclusively on the classical indicators of hospital management&#44; related to the care of acutely ill patients&#46; However&#44; care for chronically ill patients consumes 80&#37; of healthcare expenditures in Spain&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> The general care regimen for patients in Spanish hospitals is anchored in the past&#44; excessively focusing on the care of acute disorders&#46; It is essential that we redirect certain objectives toward the care of chronically ill&#44; polypathological and highly complex patients&#46; Applying the classical hospital management objectives &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; mean stay&#41; to these patients is inadequate&#46; An example of the objectives for this type of patient is the design of care continuity maps to prevent hospitalization and improve the interaction between primary care &#40;PC&#41; and specialized care &#40;SC&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The continuity of care and healthcare services includes coordination between PC and SC&#46; Lack of communication and coordination between PC and SC causes&#44; among other problems&#44; congestion of patients in hospitals&#44; which negatively affects the entire system&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> A desirable objective for continuity of care would be the creation of multidisciplinary teams&#44; with SC and PC physicians&#44; nurses&#44; physiotherapists and social workers&#44; who plan a coordinated care program&#46; Teamwork with practitioners of various healthcare levels is essential for properly caring for chronically ill and polypathological patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> Through the coordination of these teams&#44; measures can be conducted such as early treatment of exacerbations and personalized preventive plans for this type of patient&#44; thereby avoiding hospitalizations and decreasing costs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Similarly&#44; objectives can be established to boost the development and assessment of home care and home hospitalization units&#46; These units can be effective and efficient healthcare alternatives for ensuring proper care for patients who need active and complex health care&#59; however&#44; by performing it at home&#44; hospital iatrogenesis is avoided&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> Telemedicine and telecare are other healthcare modalities that facilitate interaction between patients&#44; relatives&#44; caregivers and PC and SC teams&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> Management objectives can promote the implementation and proper operation of all these interdisciplinary care models&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another key aspect includes the objectives of research and teaching&#44; which have little weight in the set of objectives and where practitioners are not given sufficient time or means to conduct these particular objectives&#46; As a result&#44; incorporating teaching and research into the clinical setting is a highly complicated task&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> These activities are therefore poorly developed and often underappreciated&#46; However&#44; these activities are essential for our profession and should be a part of our job&#46; It is therefore important to include individualized and&#44; above all&#44; realistic research and teaching objectives &#40;a specific schedule for each clinician should be created&#41;&#46; These objectives have 2 aspects&#44; the practitioner&#39;s involvement and the managers&#8217; recognition&#46; Examples of research and teaching objectives include developing and conducted clinical research projects &#40;especially in lines of research that improve the quality of care&#41;&#44; participating in research teams or research methodology advisory teams&#44; publishing scientific research and presenting at congresses&#44; participating in scientific meetings and teaching undergraduate and graduate courses&#46; If a practitioner commits to meeting research and teaching objectives&#44; management should respond by establishing specific schedules to provide time to meet these objectives&#46; Countries such as the United States and Canada use half-day models&#44; which provide practitioners with half a day to conduct the preestablished teaching or research activities&#46; Managers should provide the necessary individual means to achieve these specific objectives&#59; otherwise&#44; it makes no sense establishing the objectives&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Care for the physician&#44; in its broadest sense &#40;occupational and personal&#41;&#44; should be another objective&#46; An objective cannot be reached if the physician is physically or emotionally overloaded&#46; The United States is beginning to replace patient-focused care programs with patient and practitioner-focused care programs&#46; This is logical because although the patient gives the system its direction&#44; the practitioner is the one who directly provides the care&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Marckmann and Maschmann indicated that central ethical values in hospital care should be integrated in the hospital management plans and&#44; therefore&#44; in the objectives&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> The authors supported conducting repeated surveys of the hospital staff to ensure the centers&#8217; &#8220;internal quality&#8221;&#46; If values are incorporated and the internal quality is improved&#44; practitioners&#8217; physical and mental health will simultaneously improve&#44; achieving better satisfaction and&#44; ultimately&#44; better external quality&#46; According to Marckmann and Maschmann&#44; a greater use of ethics in hospital management could also help to improve the institutions&#8217; economy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Conclusion&#58; excellence&#44; the meeting point between medical ethics and healthcare management</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this article&#44; we analyzed the ethical issues created by the operational objectives of management for physicians who work in Spanish hospitals&#46; These issues are as follows&#58; &#40;1&#41; the current incentive system places quantity above quality&#44; which represents a predominantly economist management perspective&#59; &#40;2&#41; the system is hierarchical&#44; lacks participation and deprives clinicians of decision-making authority&#46; Moreover&#44; with a group design of objectives&#44; we run the risk of improperly pressuring clinicians&#59; &#40;3&#41; the objectives are focused on outdated activities in terms of the current reality of the healthcare system and should therefore be updated considering&#44; for example&#44; chronicity and the continuity of care&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After analyzing these issues&#44; we created a proposal for developing management objectives based on prioritizing quality care &#40;which ultimately results in efficient management&#44; given that ethical management is also economic&#41;&#44; developing objectives in a participatory and mixed manner &#40;with group and individual objectives&#41; and with new objectives in keeping with the current reality of the healthcare system&#46; Putting this proposal into practice is not complicated because the final goal of clinicians and management is the same&#58; to provide the best health care possible&#44; i&#46;e&#46;&#44; to be excellent&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The goal of healthcare institutions is not savings but rather to provide optimal patient care&#44; by considering maximum effectiveness and efficiency&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> Clinicians should assume responsibility for their role as resource managers as part of their healthcare tasks&#46; Management objectives cannot be achieved without their involvement&#44; because healthcare physicians are directly responsible for three-quarters of healthcare expenditures&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> This represents an enormous commitment&#44; because medical ethics impel us to provide the best patient care at all times&#59; however&#44; we also have the obligation to be efficient&#46; Wasting available technical means is an attack against medical ethics&#46; Poor resource management can result in patients not receiving the treatments they need due to the limited resources&#46; Being a good physician means being involved in management objectives&#44; so that the objectives can be efficient and ethical&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We need to create lines of work in bioethics and clinical management&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37&#44;38</span></a> The United States and other countries of the European Union have clinical consultants in bioethics with training in management who can help resolve the previously mentioned problems&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39&#8211;41</span></a> However&#44; Spain lacks practitioners trained in clinical&#44; management and bioethical aspects&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42&#44;43</span></a> There are also very few research studies on ethics and healthcare management&#44; which is therefore an area of emerging interest&#44; both for clinicians and managers&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:10 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1156254"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1083496"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1156255"
          "titulo" => "Resumen"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1083495"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Background"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Bioethics and ethics of healthcare organizations"
        ]
        6 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "Ethics of management objectives"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "What should be incentivized and what is incentivized&#63;"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0025"
              "titulo" => "How should objectives be designed and how are they designed&#63;"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "What objectives are truly important for improving clinical practice&#63;"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0035"
          "titulo" => "Conclusion&#58; excellence&#44; the meeting point between medical ethics and healthcare management"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0040"
          "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest"
        ]
        9 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2017-12-14"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2018-06-04"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1083496"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Healthcare management"
            1 => "Ethical conflicts"
            2 => "Management objectives"
            3 => "Bioethics"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1083495"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Gesti&#243;n sanitaria"
            1 => "Conflictos &#233;ticos"
            2 => "Objetivos de gesti&#243;n"
            3 => "Bio&#233;tica"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Management objectives at times create significant value conflicts that have so far been seldom studied&#46; This article analyses the ethical issues created by the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">operational objectives</span> of management for physicians who work in Spanish hospitals&#46; These issues are as follows&#58; &#40;1&#41; the current system places quantity above quality&#44; which represents a predominantly economist management perspective&#59; &#40;2&#41; the system is hierarchical&#44; lacks participation and deprives clinicians of decision-making authority&#59; &#40;3&#41; the objectives are focused on outdated activities in terms of the current reality of the healthcare system and should therefore be updated considering&#44; for example&#44; chronicity and the continuity of care&#46; After analysing these issues&#44; we created a proposal for developing management objectives based on prioritizing quality care &#40;which ultimately results in efficient management&#41;&#44; developing objectives in a participatory and mixed manner &#40;with group and individual objectives&#41; and designing new objectives in keeping with the current reality of the healthcare system&#46; Putting this proposal into practice is not complicated because the final goal of clinicians and management is to provide optimal health care&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los objetivos de gesti&#243;n&#44; en ocasiones&#44; plantean importantes conflictos de valor&#44; hasta el momento poco estudiados&#46; En el presente art&#237;culo se analiza qu&#233; cuestiones &#233;ticas plantean los <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">objetivos operativos</span> de gesti&#243;n a los m&#233;dicos que trabajan en hospitales espa&#241;oles&#46; Estas cuestiones son las siguientes&#58; 1&#41; en el sistema actual se prima la cantidad sobre la calidad&#44; lo que supone una perspectiva de gesti&#243;n predominantemente economicista&#59; 2&#41; se trata de un sistema jerarquizado&#44; en el que apenas hay participaci&#243;n y en el que los cl&#237;nicos carecen de capacidad decisoria y 3&#41; los objetivos se centran en actividades desfasadas respecto a la realidad del sistema sanitario actual&#44; por lo que deben ser actualizados considerando&#44; por ejemplo&#44; la cronicidad o la continuidad asistencial&#46; Al analizar estas cuestiones&#44; se realiza una propuesta de elaboraci&#243;n de los objetivos de gesti&#243;n basada en 3 aspectos&#58; priorizar la calidad asistencial &#40;lo que finalmente repercute en una gesti&#243;n eficiente&#41;&#44; elaborar los objetivos de forma participativa y mixta &#40;con objetivos colectivos e individuales&#41; y dise&#241;ar nuevos objetivos acordes con la realidad del actual sistema sanitario&#46; No es complicado poner en pr&#225;ctica esta propuesta&#44; ya que la meta final de los cl&#237;nicos y de la gerencia es la de proporcionar una asistencia sanitaria &#243;ptima&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Alonso MB&#44; Pacios E&#44; Herreros B&#46; &#191;Son &#233;ticos los objetivos de gesti&#243;n para los m&#233;dicos de nuestros hospitales&#63;&#46; Rev Clin Esp&#46; 2019&#59;219&#58;90&#8211;95&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:43 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0220"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Foundations of cost-effectiveness analysis for health and medical practices"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46;C&#46; Weinstein"
                            1 => "W&#46;B&#46; Stason"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM197703312961304"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "NEJM"
                        "fecha" => "1977"
                        "volumen" => "296"
                        "paginaInicial" => "716"
                        "paginaFinal" => "721"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/402576"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0225"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "&#201;tica de las decisiones sanitarias"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46;J&#46; Jovell"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "124"
                        "paginaInicial" => "580"
                        "paginaFinal" => "582"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0230"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "La coordinaci&#243;n entre Atenci&#243;n Primaria y Especializada&#58; &#191;reforma del sistema sanitario o reforma del ejercicio profesional&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;J&#46; Ojeda Feo"
                            1 => "J&#46;M&#46; Freire Campo"
                            2 => "J&#46; G&#233;rvas Camacho"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Adm Sanit"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "357"
                        "paginaFinal" => "382"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0235"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "comentario" => "Disponible en&#58; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" target="_blank" id="intr0010" href="http://docplayer.es/23816896-Indicadores-de-gestion-y-evaluacion-hospitalaria-para-hospitales-institutos-y-diresa.html">http&#58;&#47;&#47;docplayer&#46;es&#47;23816896-Indicadores-de-gestion-y-evaluacion-hospitalaria-para-hospitales-institutos-y-diresa&#46;html</a> &#91;consultado 3&#47;06&#47;2018&#93;"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "&#193;rea de investigaci&#243;n y an&#225;lisis&#46; Documento de Trabajo"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "Indicadores de gesti&#243;n y evaluaci&#243;n hospitalaria&#44; para hospitales&#44; Institutos y DIRESA"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:1 [
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0240"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Indicadores de gesti&#243;n hospitalaria"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46;I&#46; S&#225;nchez Guzm&#225;n"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Inst Nal Enf Resp Mex"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "18"
                        "paginaInicial" => "132"
                        "paginaFinal" => "141"
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0378512213001163"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "03785122"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0245"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "comentario" => "&#40;AHRQ Pub&#46; No&#46; 02-RO204&#41;&#46; Available from&#58; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" target="_blank" id="intr0015" href="https://www.ahrq.gov/downloads/pub/inpatqi/iqi_guide.pdf">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;ahrq&#46;gov&#47;downloads&#47;pub&#47;inpatqi&#47;iqi&#95;guide&#46;pdf</a> &#91;accessed 03&#46;06&#46;18&#93;"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "titulo" => "AHRQ Quality indicators &#8211; guide to inpatient quality indicators&#58; quality of care in hospitals &#8211; volume&#44; mortality&#44; and utilization"
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "editorial" => "Agency for Health Care Research and Quality"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Rockville&#44; MD"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0250"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Los top 20 2000 objetivos&#44; ventajas y limitaciones del m&#233;todo"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Garc&#237;a-Eroles"
                            1 => "C&#46; Illa"
                            2 => "A&#46; Arias"
                            3 => "M&#46; Casas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Calidad Asist"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "107"
                        "paginaFinal" => "116"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0255"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Measuring the quality of hospital care&#58; an inventory of indicators"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Copnell"
                            1 => "V&#46; Hagger"
                            2 => "S&#46;G&#46; Wilson"
                            3 => "S&#46;M&#46; Evans"
                            4 => "P&#46;C&#46; Sprivulis"
                            5 => "P&#46;A&#46; Cameron"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.01961.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Intern Med J"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "39"
                        "paginaInicial" => "352"
                        "paginaFinal" => "360"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19323697"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0260"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Moreno Domene P&#44; Est&#233;vez Lucas J&#44; Moreno Ruiz JA&#46; Indicadores de gesti&#243;n hospitalaria&#46; Sedisa Siglo XXI&#59; 2010&#44; N&#46;&#176; 17&#46; Disponible en&#58; <a id="intr0020" class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="https://www.sedisasigloxxi.es/IMG/article_PDF/article_a38.pdf">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;sedisasigloxxi&#46;es&#47;IMG&#47;article&#95;PDF&#47;article&#95;a38&#46;pdf</a> &#91;consultado 3&#47;06&#47;2018&#93;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0265"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "La planificaci&#243;n estrat&#233;gica en las organizaciones sanitarias"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "F&#46;P&#46; Rodr&#237;guez Perera"
                            1 => "M&#46; Peir&#243;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.recesp.2012.04.005"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Esp Cardiol"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "65"
                        "paginaInicial" => "749"
                        "paginaFinal" => "754"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22699047"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0270"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Claves para la gesti&#243;n cl&#237;nica"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Ru&#237;z Iglesias"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "La calidad como eje del nuevo enfoque de las pol&#237;ticas sanitarias"
                        "paginaInicial" => "p&#46;55"
                        "paginaFinal" => "p&#46;71"
                        "serieFecha" => "2004"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0275"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "BOE&#44; Legislaci&#243;n consolidada&#58; Ley 16&#47;2003&#44; de 28 de mayo&#44; de cohesi&#243;n y calidad del Sistema Nacional de Salud&#46; Disponible en&#58; <a id="intr0025" class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="https://www.boe.es/buscar/pdf/2003/BOE-A-2003-10715-consolidado.pdf">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;boe&#46;es&#47;buscar&#47;pdf&#47;2003&#47;BOE-A-2003-10715-consolidado&#46;pdf</a> &#91;consultado 3&#47;06&#47;2018&#93;&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0280"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "comentario" => "Disponible en&#58; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" target="_blank" id="intr0030" href="http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext%26pid=S1575-18132011000200003">http&#58;&#47;&#47;scielo&#46;isciii&#46;es&#47;scielo&#46;php&#63;script&#61;sci&#95;arttext&#960;d&#61;S1575-18132011000200003</a> &#91;consultado 3&#47;06&#47;2018&#93;"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "El hospital universitario del siglo XXI"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;M&#46; N&#250;&#241;ez-Cort&#233;s"
                            1 => "F&#46; Civeira-Murillo"
                            2 => "J&#46;A&#46; Guti&#233;rrez-Fuentes"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Educ&#46; M&#233;d"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "83"
                        "paginaFinal" => "89"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0285"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "BOE&#44; Legislaci&#243;n consolidada&#58; Real Decreto 521&#47;1987&#44; de 15 de abril&#46; Reglamento sobre Estructura&#44; Organizaci&#243;n y Funcionamiento de los Hospitales gestionados por el Instituto Nacional de la Salud&#46; Disponible en&#58; <a id="intr0035" class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="https://www.boe.es/buscar/pdf/1987/BOE-A-1987-9351-consolidado.pdf">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;boe&#46;es&#47;buscar&#47;pdf&#47;1987&#47;BOE-A-1987-9351-consolidado&#46;pdf</a> &#91;consultado 3&#47;06&#47;2018&#93;&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0290"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Gracia Guill&#233;n D&#46; &#201;tica y gesti&#243;n sanitaria&#46; En&#58; Jim&#233;nez Jim&#233;nez J&#46; Manual de gesti&#243;n para jefes de servicios cl&#237;nicos&#46; 2&#170; ed&#46; Madrid&#58; Ed&#46; D&#237;az de Santos&#59; 2000&#46; p&#46; 159&#8211;86&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0295"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Mar&#237;a Lozano J&#46; La &#233;tica en las instituciones sanitarias&#58; entre la l&#243;gica asistencial y la l&#243;gica gerencial&#46; En&#58; Gracia D&#46; &#201;tica profesional y &#233;tica institucional&#58; entre la colaboraci&#243;n y el conflicto&#46; Cuadernos de la Fundaci&#243; V&#237;ctor Gr&#237;fols i Lucas&#46; Barcelona&#58; Fundaci&#243; V&#237;ctor Gr&#237;fols iLucas&#44; p&#46; 10&#8211;22&#46; Disponible en&#58; <a id="intr0040" class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="https://www.fundaciogrifols.org/documents/4662337/4688855/cuaderno28.pdf/ff2dc9c8-f89d-4e2f-b854-92ad153b2293">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;fundaciogrifols&#46;org&#47;documents&#47;4662337&#47;4688855&#47;cuaderno28&#46;pdf&#47;ff2dc9c8-f89d-4e2f-b854-92ad153b2293</a> &#91;consultado 3&#47;06&#47;2018&#93;&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0300"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "How to get better value health care"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Gray"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:4 [
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "paginaInicial" => "p&#46;35"
                        "paginaFinal" => "p&#46;57"
                        "editorial" => "Oxford University Press"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0305"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "La bio&#233;tica en la pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; S&#225;nchez-Gonz&#225;lez"
                            1 => "B&#46; Herreros"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "53"
                        "paginaInicial" => "66"
                        "paginaFinal" => "73"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25680645"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0310"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "comentario" => "Disponible en&#58; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" target="_blank" id="intr0045" href="http://www.fgcasal.org/publicaciones/CT3_Etica_en_la%20toma_de_decisiones_sanitarias.pdf">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;fgcasal&#46;org&#47;publicaciones&#47;CT3&#95;Etica&#95;en&#95;la&#37;20toma&#95;de&#95;decisiones&#95;sanitarias&#46;pdf</a> &#91;consultado 3&#47;06&#47;2018&#93;"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "&#201;tica en la toma de decisiones sanitarias&#46; Cuadernos Gesti&#243;n Sanitaria&#46; N&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">o</span> 3"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Rivas Flores"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:5 [
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "paginaInicial" => "33"
                        "paginaFinal" => "53"
                        "editorial" => "Fundaci&#243;n Gaspar Casal"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Madrid"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0315"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A clinician&#39;s approach to clinical ethical reasoning"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "L&#46;C&#46; Kaldjian"
                            1 => "R&#46;F&#46; Weir"
                            2 => "T&#46; Duffy"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.40204.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Gen Intern Med"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "20"
                        "paginaInicial" => "306"
                        "paginaFinal" => "311"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15836537"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0320"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clinical ethical decision making&#58; the four topics approach"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46;H&#46; Schumann"
                            1 => "D&#46; Alfandre"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Semin Med Pract"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "36"
                        "paginaFinal" => "42"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0325"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ethics in health care organizations"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "E&#46;M&#46; Spencer"
                            1 => "A&#46;E&#46; Mills"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "HEC Forum"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "323"
                        "paginaFinal" => "332"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11184870"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0330"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ethics EBM&#44; and hospital management"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Biller-Andorno"
                            1 => "C&#46; Lenk"
                            2 => "J&#46; Leititis"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Med Ethics"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "30"
                        "paginaInicial" => "136"
                        "paginaFinal" => "140"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15082805"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0335"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "comentario" => "Disponible en&#58; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" target="_blank" id="intr0050" href="https://www.cgcom.es/sites/default/files/codigo_deontologia_medica.pdf">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;cgcom&#46;es&#47;sites&#47;default&#47;files&#47;codigo&#95;deontologia&#95;medica&#46;pdf</a> &#91;consultado 3&#47;06&#47;2018&#93;"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Gu&#237;a de &#233;tica m&#233;dica"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "C&#243;digo de Deontolog&#237;a M&#233;dica"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:5 [
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "paginaInicial" => "20"
                        "paginaFinal" => "25"
                        "editorial" => "Consejo General de Colegios de M&#233;dicos de Espa&#241;a"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Madrid"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0340"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "comentario" => "Disponible en&#58; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" target="_blank" id="intr0055" href="http://www.abc.es/sociedad/20141027/abci-andalucia-premio-altas-hospitalarias-201410262140.html">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;abc&#46;es&#47;sociedad&#47;20141027&#47;abci-andalucia-premio-altas-hospitalarias-201410262140&#46;html</a> &#91;consultado 3&#47;06&#47;2018&#93;"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "El Servicio Andaluz de Salud paga pluses a los m&#233;dicos que adelantan las altas"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46;R&#46; Vega"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:2 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "El Pa&#237;s"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0345"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "comentario" => "Disponible en&#58; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" target="_blank" id="intr0060" href="http://www.fgcasal.org/publicaciones/CT1_La_Innovacion_en_la_gestion_de_las_organizaciones.pdf">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;fgcasal&#46;org&#47;publicaciones&#47;CT1&#95;La&#95;Innovacion&#95;en&#95;la&#95;gestion&#95;de&#95;las&#95;organizaciones&#46;pdf</a> &#91;consultado 3&#47;06&#47;2018&#93;"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cuadernos Gesti&#243;n Sanitaria&#46; N&#250;mero 1&#46; La innovaci&#243;n en la gesti&#243;n de las organizaciones sanitarias"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Garc&#237;a Fern&#225;ndez"
                            1 => "M&#46;L&#46; Mart&#237;n del Burgo Carrero"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "editorial" => "Fundaci&#243;n Gaspar Casal"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Madrid"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0350"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "comentario" => "Disponible en&#58; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" target="_blank" id="intr0065" href="http://envejecimiento.csic.es/documentacion/biblioteca/registro.htm?iPos=16%26id=59817%26irPag=1%26clave=E6Q8A6I7B7%26pos=0">http&#58;&#47;&#47;envejecimiento&#46;csic&#46;es&#47;documentacion&#47;biblioteca&#47;registro&#46;htm&#63;iPos&#61;16&#38;id&#61;59817&#38;irPag&#61;1&#38;clave&#61;E6Q8A6I7B7&#38;pos&#61;0</a> &#91;consultado 3&#47;06&#47;2018&#93;"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Soluciones para la gesti&#243;n de la cronicidad&#46; SEDISA"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Est&#233;vez"
                            1 => "P&#46; Casado"
                            2 => "J&#46;M&#46; Mart&#237;n"
                            3 => "M&#46; Garrido"
                            4 => "M&#46;D&#46; del Pino"
                            5 => "J&#46; Sanz"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:2 [
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "editorial" => "Sociedad espa&#241;ola de directivos de la salud"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0355"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "La atenci&#243;n al paciente cr&#243;nico en situaci&#243;n de complejidad&#58; el reto de construir un escenario de atenci&#243;n integrada"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;C&#46; Contel"
                            1 => "B&#46; Muntan&#233;"
                            2 => "L&#46; Camp"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.aprim.2011.01.013"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Aten Primaria"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "107"
                        "paginaFinal" => "113"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21636176"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0360"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Estrategia para el abordaje de la cronicidad en el Sistema Nacional de Salud&#46; Sanidad 2012&#46; Ministerio de Sanidad&#44; Servicios Sociales e Igualdad&#46; Disponible en&#58; <a id="intr0070" class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://www.msssi.gob.es/organizacion/sns/planCalidadSNS/pdf/ESTRATEGIA_ABORDAJE_CRONICIDAD.pdf">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;msssi&#46;gob&#46;es&#47;organizacion&#47;sns&#47;planCalidadSNS&#47;pdf&#47;ESTRATEGIA&#95;ABORDAJE&#95;CRONICIDAD&#46;pdf</a> &#91;consultado 3&#47;06&#47;2018&#93;&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0365"
              "etiqueta" => "30"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Hospitalizaci&#243;n a domicilio del anciano con enfermedad aguda"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46;F&#46; Fern&#225;ndez-Miera"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.regg.2009.03.012"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "numero" => "S1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "39"
                        "paginaFinal" => "50"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19501428"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0370"
              "etiqueta" => "31"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Imagen m&#233;dica&#44; telemedicina y teleasistencia m&#233;dica"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Rubies-Feijoo"
                            1 => "T&#46; Salas-Fern&#225;ndez"
                            2 => "Moya-Olvera-F"
                            3 => "J&#46; Guanyabens-Calvet"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "134Supl1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "56"
                        "paginaFinal" => "62"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0375"
              "etiqueta" => "32"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "La formaci&#243;n en investigaci&#243;n en el &#225;mbito hospitalario"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; Guti&#233;rrez Fuentes"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "FEM"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "numero" => "Suppl&#46; 3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "S1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "S70"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0380"
              "etiqueta" => "33"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Expanding the rubric of &#8220;patient-centered care&#8221; &#40;PCC&#41; to &#8220;patient and professional centered care&#8221; &#40;PPCC&#41; to enhance provider well-being"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46;G&#46; Post"
                            1 => "M&#46; Roess"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s10730-017-9322-7"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "HEC Forum"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "293"
                        "paginaFinal" => "302"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28456890"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0385"
              "etiqueta" => "34"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Does ethics pay off&#63;&#46; Need and perspectives of value management in hospitals"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Marckmann"
                            1 => "J&#46; Maschmann"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.zefq.2014.03.001"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "108"
                        "paginaInicial" => "157"
                        "paginaFinal" => "165"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24780715"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0390"
              "etiqueta" => "35"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "&#191;Por qu&#233; dedicarse a la bio&#233;tica&#63; Siete razones para comenzar a hacerlo"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Real de As&#250;a"
                            1 => "B&#46; Herreros"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2015.12.003"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Clin Esp"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "216"
                        "paginaInicial" => "271"
                        "paginaFinal" => "275"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26823202"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0395"
              "etiqueta" => "36"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "&#201;tica y gesti&#243;n sanitaria"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46; del Llano Se&#241;aris"
                            1 => "Mill&#225;n N&#250;&#241;ez-Cort&#233;s"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "118"
                        "paginaInicial" => "337"
                        "paginaFinal" => "338"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0400"
              "etiqueta" => "37"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The nature and value of bioethics expertise"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Vogelstein"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/bioe.12114"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Bioethics"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "324"
                        "paginaFinal" => "333"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25256867"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            37 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0405"
              "etiqueta" => "38"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Expertise&#44; ethics expertise&#44; and clinical ethics consultation&#58; achieving terminological clarity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46;S&#46; Iltis"
                            1 => "M&#46; Sheehan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/jmp/jhw014"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Med Philos"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "41"
                        "paginaInicial" => "416"
                        "paginaFinal" => "433"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27256848"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            38 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0410"
              "etiqueta" => "39"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Implementation of clinical ethics consultation in german hospitals"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Schochow"
                            1 => "D&#46; Schnell"
                            2 => "F&#46; Steger"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1055/s-0034-1370307"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Dtsch Med Wochenschr"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "139"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2178"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2183"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25317647"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            39 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0415"
              "etiqueta" => "40"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Physicians&#8217; access to ethics support services in four european countries"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46;A&#46; Hurst"
                            1 => "S&#46; Reitel-Theil"
                            2 => "A&#46; Perrier"
                            3 => "R&#46; Forde"
                            4 => "A&#46;M&#46; Slowther"
                            5 => "R&#46; Pegoraro"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s10728-007-0072-6"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Health Care Anal"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "paginaInicial" => "321"
                        "paginaFinal" => "335"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17943449"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            40 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0420"
              "etiqueta" => "41"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ethics consultation in United States hospitals&#58; a national survey"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Fox"
                            1 => "S&#46; Myers"
                            2 => "R&#46;A&#46; Pearlman"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1080/15265160701638546"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Bioeth"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "13"
                        "paginaFinal" => "25"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18027290"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            41 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0425"
              "etiqueta" => "42"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "comentario" => "Manuscript 1&#46; Available from&#58; <a class="elsevierStyleInterRef" target="_blank" id="intr0075" href="http://ojin.nursingworld.org/mainmenucategories/anamarketplace/anaperiodicals/ojin/tableofcontents/vol31998/no3dec1998/ethicsgap.html">http&#58;&#47;&#47;ojin&#46;nursingworld&#46;org&#47;mainmenucategories&#47;anamarketplace&#47;anaperiodicals&#47;ojin&#47;tableofcontents&#47;vol31998&#47;no3dec1998&#47;ethicsgap&#46;html</a> &#91;accessed 03&#46;06&#46;18&#93;"
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Organizational and administrative ethics in health care&#58; an ethics gap"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Cipriano Silva"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:3 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Online J Iss Nurs"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "3"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            42 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0430"
              "etiqueta" => "43"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The changing health care landscape and implications of organizational ethics on modern medical practice"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;P&#46; Castlen"
                            1 => "D&#46;J&#46; Cote"
                            2 => "W&#46;A&#46; Moojen"
                            3 => "P&#46;A&#46; Robe"
                            4 => "N&#46; Balak"
                            5 => "J&#46; Brennum"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.wneu.2017.03.073"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "World Neurosurg"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "102"
                        "paginaInicial" => "420"
                        "paginaFinal" => "424"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28347897"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/22548874/0000021900000002/v1_201902270625/S2254887418301292/v1_201902270625/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "46200"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Review"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/22548874/0000021900000002/v1_201902270625/S2254887418301292/v1_201902270625/en/main.pdf?idApp=WRCEE&text.app=https://www.revclinesp.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2254887418301292?idApp=WRCEE"
]
Share
Journal Information
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Review
Are the management objectives for hospital physicians ethical?
¿Son éticos los objetivos de gestión para los médicos de nuestros hospitales?
M.B. Alonsoa,b,
Corresponding author
belalor@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, E. Paciosc, B. Herrerosb,c,d
a Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
b Grupo de Trabajo de Bioética y Profesionalismo, Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna, Spain
c Instituto de Ética Clínica Francisco Vallés-Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
d Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón (Madrid), Spain

Purchase article

For the purchase of this article it is necessary to fill in the following form:

Afganistan
Albania
Alemania
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antartica
Antigua and barbuda
Antillas holandesas
Arabia saudita
Argelia
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgica
Belice
Benin
Bermudas/antillas britanicas
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia y herzegowina
Botswana
Brasil
Brunei darussalam
Bulgaria
Burkina faso
Burundi
Cabo verde
Camboya
Camerun
Canada
Chad
Chile
China
Chipre
Colombia
Comoros
Corea
Costa rica
Cote d´ivoire
Croacia
Cuba
Dinamarca
Djibouti
Dominica
East timor
Ecuador
Egipto
El salvador
Emiratos arabes unidos
Eritrea
Escocia
Eslovaquia
Eslovenia
España
Estados federados de micronesia
Estados unidos
Estonia
Etiopia
Fiji
Filipinas
Finlandia
Francia
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Ghana
Gibraltar
Grecia
Grenada
Groenlandia
Guadalupe
Guam
Guatemala
Guayana britanica
Guinea
Guinea ecuatorial
Guinea francesa
Guinea-bissau
Haiti
Holanda
Honduras
Hong kong
Hungria
India
Indonesia
Irak
Iran
Irlanda
Isla bouvet
Isla cocos (keeling)
Isla cook
Isla mauricio
Isla navidad
Isla norfolk
Islandia
Islas caiman
Islas falkland (malvinas)
Islas faroe
Islas georgia del sur y sandwich
Islas heard and mc donald
Islas marshall
Islas northern mariana
Islas salomon
Islas svalbard and jan mayen
Islas turks and caicos
Islas united states minor outlyi
Islas virgenes (britanicas)
Islas virgenes (u.s.a.)
Islas wallis and futuna
Israel
Italia
Jamaica
Japon
Jordania
Kazakhstan
Kenia
Kiribati
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Lesoto
Letonia
Libano
Liberia
Libia arab jamahiriya
Liechtenstein
Lituania
Luxemburgo
Macao
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malasia
Malawi
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marruecos
Martinica
Mauritania
Mayotte
Mexico
Monaco
Mongolia
Monserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Noruega
Nueva caledonia
Nueva zelanda
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Panama
Papua new guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Pitcairn
Polinesia francesa
Polonia
Portugal
Posesiones gran bretaña
Posesiones u.s.a.
Puerto rico
Qatar
Reino unido
Republica checa
Republica de africa central
Republica de cabo verde
Republica de congo
Republica de corea
Republica de moldova
Republica democratica de laos
Republica democratica del congo
Republica dominicana
Reunion
Ruanda
Rumania
Rusia
Sahara occidental
Saint kitts and nevis
Samoa
Samoa americana
San marino
San tomas y principe
San vincent and the grenadines
Santa lucia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra leona
Singapur
Siria
Somalia
Sri lanka
St. helena
St. pierre and miquelon
Sudafrica
Sudan
Suecia
Suiza
Surinam
Swaziland
Tailandia
Taiwan republica de china
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Territorio de indias britanicas
Togo
Tokelau
Tonga
Trinidad and tobago
Tunisia
Turkmenistan
Turquia
Tuvalu
Ucrania
Uganda
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vaticano
Venezuela
Vietnam
Yemen
Yugoslavia
Zambia
Zimbawe
Lebanon
Paises bajos
A coruña
Alava
Albacete
Alicante
Almeria
Asturias
Avila
Badajoz
Balears
Barcelona
Bizkaia
Burgos
Caceres
Cadiz
Cantabria
Castellon
Ceuta
Ciudad real
Cordoba
Cuenca
Girona
Granada
Guadalajara
Guipuzcoa
Huelva
Huesca
Jaen
La rioja
Las palmas
Leon
Lleida
Lugo
Madrid
Malaga
Melilla
Murcia
Navarra
Ourense
Palencia
Pontevedra
Salamanca
Segovia
Sevilla
Soria
Tarragona
Tenerife
Teruel
Toledo
Valencia
Valladolid
Zamora
Zaragoza
-- Not applicable --
I accept to receive information about Elsevier's special products and promotions by email
I accept to receive information about products and special promotions from Elsevier partners by email
I have read and understand the Privacy Policy and Terms and conditions and agree to be bound by all of its terms.
* Required fields
In addition to temporary access to the article, it will be sent by email.
Customer Support
Phone
Calls from Spain
932 415 960
Calls from abroad
+34 932 415 960
Hours from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. except the months of July and August, which will be from 9 am to 3 pm.
Idiomas
Revista Clínica Española (English Edition)
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?