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Uncorrected Proof. Available online 3 May 2024
Adverse cardiovascular, obstetric and perinatal events during pregnancy and puerperium in patients with heart disease
Eventos adversos cardiovasculares, obstétricos y perinatales en el embarazo y puerperio en pacientes cardiópatas
N.E. Guzmán-Delgadoa,d,
Corresponding author
, C.E. Velázquez-Sotelob,d,
Corresponding author
claudia.velazquez.391@gmail.com

Corresponding authors.
, M.J. Fernández-Gómeza, L.G. González-Barrerab, A. Muñiz-Garcíab,d, V.M. Sánchez-Soteloc, P. Carranza-Rosalese, A. Hernández-Juárezb,d, J. Morán-Martínezf, V. Martínez-Gaytang
a División de Investigación en Salud, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Cardiología No. 34, “Dr. Alfonso J. Treviño” del Centro Médico Nacional del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
b Departamento de Cardiología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Cardiología No. 34, “Dr. Alfonso J. Treviño Treviño” del Centro Médico Nacional del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
c Departamento de Cirugía Cardiotorácica, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Cardiología No. 34, “Dr. Alfonso J. Treviño Treviño” del Centro Médico Nacional del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
d Programa de Posgrado en Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Monterrey. San Pedro Garza, García, Nuevo León, Mexico
e Centro de investigación Biomédica del Noreste. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
f Departamento de Biología Celular y Ultraestructura, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila unidad Torreón, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
g División de Investigación en Salud, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad de Gineco Obstetricia No.23, Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Tables (5)
Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of 112 patients with congenital or acquired heart disease during pregnancy and postpartum.
Table 2. Cardiovascular adverse events during pregnancy and postpartum in relation to the clinical characteristics of 112 patients with congenital or acquired heart disease.
Table 3. Obstetric adverse events during pregnancy and postpartum in relation to the clinical characteristics of 112 patients with congenital or acquired heart disease.
Table 4. Perinatal adverse events during pregnancy and postpartum in relation to the clinical characteristics of 112 patients with congenital or acquired heart disease.
Table 5. Association between congenital and/or acquired heart disease and implemented treatment with adverse events.
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Abstract
Background and objectives

cardiovascular changes during pregnancy carry greater risk in heart disease. We analyze cardiovascular, obstetric and perinatal adverse effects associated with congenital and acquired heart disease during pregnancy and postpartum.

Materials and methods

Cross-sectional and retrospective study, which included the 2017–2023 registry of pregnant or postpartum patients hospitalised with diagnosis of congenital or acquired heart disease. Adverse events (heart failure, stroke, acute pulmonary edema, maternal death, obstetric haemorrhage, prematurity and perinatal death) were compared with the clinical variables and the implemented treatment.

Results

112 patients with a median age of 28 years (range 15−44) were included. Short circuits predominated 28 (25%). Thirty-six patients (32%) were classified in class IV of the modified WHO scale for maternal cardiovascular risk.

Heart failure occurred in 39 (34.8%), acute lung edema 12 (10.7%), stroke 2 (1.8%), maternal death 5 (4.5%), obstetric haemorrhage 4 (3.6%), prematurity 50 (44.5%) and perinatal death 6 (5.4%). Shunts were associated with prematurity (adjusted odds ratio 4; 95% CI: 1.5−10, p = 0.006). Peripartum cardiomyopathy represented higher risk of pulmonary edema (adjusted OR 34; 95% CI: 6−194, p = 0.001) and heart failure (adjusted OR 16; 95% CI: 3−84, p = 0.001). An increased risk of obstetric haemorrhage was observed in patients with prosthetic valves (adjusted OR 30; 95% CI: 1.5−616, p = 0.025) and with the use of acetylsalicylic acid (adjusted OR 14; 95% CI: 1.2–16, p = 0.030). Furthermore, the latter was associated with perinatal death (adjusted OR 9; 95% CI: 1.4−68, p = 0.021).

Conclusions

severe complications were found during pregnancy and postpartum in patients with heart disease, which is why preconception evaluation and close surveillance are vital.

Keywords:
Pregnancy
Puerperium
Congenital/acquired heart disease
Cardiovascular/obstetric adverse event
Maternal death
Resumen
Antecedentes y objetivos

los cambios cardiovasculares del embarazo conllevan mayor riesgo en cardiópatas. El objetivo fue analizar los efectos adversos cardiovasculares, obstétricos y perinatales asociados a cardiopatía congénita y adquirida durante el embarazo y puerperio.

Materiales y métodos

Estudio transversal y retrospectivo, que incluyó el registro de 2017–2023 de pacientes embarazadas o puérperas hospitalizadas con diagnóstico de cardiopatía congénita o adquirida. Se compararon los eventos adversos (falla cardiaca, evento vascular cerebral (EVC), edema agudo pulmonar, muerte materna, hemorragia obstétrica, prematuridad y muerte perinatal) con las variables clínicas y el tratamiento implementado.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 112 pacientes con mediana de edad de 28 años (rango 15−44). Predominaron los cortocircuitos 28 (25%). Treinta y seis pacientes (32%) se clasificaron en clase IV de la escala modificada de la OMS para riesgo cardiovascular materno.

Presentaron falla cardiaca 39 (34,8%), edema agudo de pulmón 12 (10,7%), EVC 2 (1,8%), muerte materna 5 (4,5%), hemorragia obstétrica 4 (3,6%), prematuridad 50 (44,5%) y muerte perinatal 6 (5,4%).

Los cortocircuitos se asociaron con prematuridad (odds ratio ajustado 4; IC 95%: 1,5-10, p = 0,006). La miocardiopatía periparto tuvo un mayor riesgo de edema agudo pulmonar (OR ajustado 34; IC 95%: 6–194, p = 0,001) y falla cardiaca (OR ajustado 16; IC: 95%: 3–84, p = 0,001). Se observó un aumento del riesgo a hemorragia obstétrica en pacientes con prótesis valvulares (OR ajustado 30; IC 95%: 1,5–616, p = 0,025) y al uso de ácido acetil salicílico (OR ajustado 14; IC 95%: 1,2–167, p = 0,030). Además, este último se asoció a muerte perinatal (OR ajustado 9; IC 95%: 1,4–68, p = 0,021).

Conclusiones

Se encontraron complicaciones severas durante el embarazo y puerperio en cardiópatas, por ello es vital la evaluación preconcepcional y vigilancia estrecha.

Palabras clave:
Embarazo
Puerperio
Cardiopatía congénita/adquirida
Evento cardiovascular/obstétrico adverso
Muerte materna

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