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&#8220;pleural effusion&#44;&#8221; &#8220;empyema&#44;&#8221; &#8220;mesothelioma&#44;&#8221; &#8220;pneumothorax&#44;&#8221; &#8220;hemothorax&#44;&#8221; and &#8220;chylothorax&#46;&#8221; Some of the variables studied were gathered by contacting the authors via email&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Five hundred eighteen records were initially obtained &#40;127 from TESEO and 391 from TDX&#41; during the period from 1976 to 2020&#46; After eliminating 372 that were not related to pleural diseases&#44; four that belonged to the scope of veterinary medicine&#44; and 11 duplicate records&#44; 125 TD were included ultimately in the study&#46; The doctors were 66 &#40;52&#46;8&#37;&#41; men and 59 &#40;47&#46;2&#37;&#41; women with a median age of 34 years &#40;quartiles 31&#8211;38&#59; range 27&#8211;65&#41; at the time of their DT defense&#46; The predominant specialties were pulmonology &#40;40&#59; 32&#37;&#41;&#44; internal medicine &#40;23&#59; 18&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; 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150 &#40;82&#46;9&#37;&#41; were men&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The DT were on pleural effusions &#40;99&#59; 79&#37;&#41;&#44; mainly due to a malignant cause &#40;41&#59; 32&#46;8&#37;&#41; and&#44; to a lesser extent&#44; on pneumothorax &#40;23&#59; 18&#46;4&#37;&#41; or other topics&#46; The research was mainly done on human subjects &#40;110&#59; 88&#37;&#41;&#46; The DT were written in Spanish &#40;122&#59; 97&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; English &#40;2&#59; 1&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; or Catalan &#40;1&#59; 0&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#46; Only three &#40;2&#46;4&#37;&#41; DT had a European or international mention&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The DT format was traditional in 118 &#40;94&#46;4&#37;&#41; cases and was a compendium of publications in the remaining seven &#40;5&#46;6&#37;&#41; cases&#46; Thirteen &#40;12&#46;7&#37;&#41; theses were granted the special doctorate award out of the 102 works on which this information was available&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sixty-six &#40;52&#46;8&#37;&#41; doctors did not publish the results of their research&#46; On the contrary&#44; 39 &#40;31&#46;2&#37;&#41; authored one publication&#44; 11 &#40;8&#46;8&#37;&#41; authored two publications&#44; and nine &#40;7&#46;2&#37;&#41; authored three or more publications directly related to the content of their DT&#46; In regard to impact factor&#44; and listing the journal with the highest quartile in the case of several publications&#44; the 59 authors published their studies in Q1 or first quartile &#40;27&#59; 45&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; Q2 &#40;11&#59; 18&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; Q3 &#40;8&#59; 13&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; Q4 journals &#40;12&#59; 20&#46;3&#37;&#41; or journals without an impact factor &#40;1&#59; 1&#46;7&#37;&#41; as first author &#40;40&#59; 67&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; last author &#40;1&#59; 1&#46;7&#37;&#41;&#44; or in other authorship positions &#40;18&#59; 30&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 97 articles were published in 58 different journals &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; A total of 45 &#40;46&#46;4&#37;&#41; articles were published in journals on respiratory medicine and 27 &#40;27&#46;8&#37;&#41; were written in Spanish&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After the defense of their DT&#44; 59 &#40;47&#46;2&#37;&#41; doctors did not publish anything on pleural diseases&#44; whereas 66 &#40;52&#46;8&#37;&#41; produced at least one article on this topic apart from the work or works that may have stemmed from the DT&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study reveals that only three to four DT are defended each year on pleural diseases in Spain&#46; This is a reflection of the insufficient number of professionals with university ties who devote their time and interest to pleural medicine<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite the fact that there are 46 medical schools in our country&#44; 50&#37; of the DT read on pleural disease were concentrated in just five&#46; With women gaining increasing prominence in the field of medicine&#44; the balanced distribution of sex among those pursuing doctorates stands in contrast to the predominance of men &#40;&#62;80&#37;&#41; among DT supervisors&#46; This finding is probably circumstantial and will likely be corrected in upcoming years&#46; Co-supervision is beginning to prevail and is already as common &#40;50&#37;&#41; as the former predominance of a single supervisor<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Nevertheless&#44; the traditional DT continues to prevail over the compendium of publications format&#46; The latter would be <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a priori</span> more demanding for the doctoral candidate&#44; although it confers greater benefits in regard to the candidate&#8217;s curriculum vitae<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A relevant finding was that more than half of DT were not published&#44; at least not in PubMed-indexed journals&#46; This insufficient rate of publication &#40;publications&#47;DT ratio of 0&#46;77&#41; breaks with the ultimate purpose of any research&#44; which is to make our findings known to the scientific community and subject them to scrutiny for the sake of advancing the science&#46; A measure that could prevent this deficiency that has already been adopted by various universities would be to require an indexed publication along with the DT as a requirement for its defense&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is also notable that approximately half of the doctors do not continue along the line of research of their DT&#46; Institutions and DT supervisors should foster and ensure continuity of the research topic started by the new doctor&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study has limitations&#46; The information contained in the TESEO and TDX archives is occasionally incomplete and there may be DT that are not registered in these repositories&#46; In line with its objectives&#44; this study is merely descriptive&#46; Lastly&#44; we cannot rule out the existence of publications derived from DT in journals that are not indexed on PubMed&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; more than half of the DT on pleural diseases did not translate into an indexed publication and new doctors often do not continue along this line of research&#46; This should lead us to reflect on the ultimate purpose of a DT and its educational implications&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No&#46; of theses read&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Autonomous University of Barcelona&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">University of Lleida&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">University of Seville&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">University of Valencia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Miguel Hern&#225;ndez University of Elche&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">University of Zaragoza&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Complutense University of Madrid&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">University of Barcelona&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">University of Santiago de Compostela&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Correspondence
Analysis of Spanish doctoral theses on pleural diseases
Análisis de las tesis doctorales españolas sobre enfermedades de la pleura
J.M. Porcel
Corresponding author
jporcelp@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, L. Liesa, G. Bagüeste, S. Bielsa
Unidad de Medicina Pleural, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLleida, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain

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